Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip, or DDH, is a musculoskeletal condition in children in which the bones of the hip joint, which is a ball-and-socket joint, do not form or grow together properly. This deviation from the normal growth pattern in the hip generally occurs while the child is still a developing fetus, but can [...]

TOE WALKING

- main causes of toe walking are idiopathic toe walking and cerebral palsy     – history may include continuous toe walking vs normal gait followed by delayed toe walking by age 2 yrs;     – idiopathic toe walking is often caused by a congenitally short heelcord or an overactive calf muscle;     [...]

Femoral Anteversion in Children

  – Discussion:     – femoral version is defined as the angular difference between axis of femoral neck and transcondylar axis of the knee;     – excessive femoral anteversion (medial femoral torsion) is most common cause of in-toeing that first presents in early childhood;     – it is twice as common in [...]

Gait Abnormalities in Children

During the early years there can be some obvious gait abnormalities in children. While many of these disturbances are quite common and correct themselves on their own, some require medical assistance. Until a child is approximately 3 years old, normal gait doesn’t resemble that of an adult. At 1 year old there may be a [...]

In-toeing in Children with Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta

An Observational Descriptive Study Marta Elena Losa Iglesias, PhD *, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, DPM, PhD  and Paloma Salvadores Fuentes, PhD * * Department of Health Sciences II-Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Corresponding author: Marta Elena Losa Iglesias, PhD, Department of Health Sciences [...]

Clubfoot

Clubfoot is the common name used to describe the condition talipes equinovarus, in which there is a deformity of the foot or feet that affects children at birth.  Clubfoot may be classified as congenital (i.e. existing at birth) or teratologic (in which it is associated with a neuromuscular disorder).  The vast majority of cases of [...]

In-Toeing (Rotational Deformities)

Many babies are born with feet that turn in or out. This may be the result of the child’s position in the uterus. In general, this is not a serious orthopedic problem and corrects by itself with time. For most children there is nothing to worry about, and as they get older the problem slowly [...]