Examination of the musculoskeletal system in children

Symposium: bone & connective tissue Examination of the musculoskeletal system in children – a simple approach      Sharmila Jandiala, b and Helen E. Fostera, b           aSharmila Jandial MBChB MRCPCH CertMedEd is an Arthritis Research Campaign Educational Research Fellow at the Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK [...]

The Musculoskeletal Examination

source : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/  Colon H. Wilson Definition   Table 164.1 Summary of Information Seen on Musculoskeletal Examination (more…) Table 164.1   Summary of Information Seen on Musculoskeletal Examination Skin Color change Consistency Sweating or coldness Eruptions Ulcerations Heat Soft tissue swelling Synovial thickening Periarticular swelling Nodules Effusion Wasting (atrophy, dystrophy, spasm, contracture) Tenderness to palpation and [...]

Pediatric Orthopedic Physical Examination of the Infant

A review of recent literature in pediatrics, pediatric orthopedics, and general orthopedics revealed a lack of information on pediatric orthopedic assessment of the newborn and infant. This paper presents a description of a 3-to-5 minute physical examination intended to detect congenital anomalies of the musculo-skeletal system, or to reassure the concerned parents that their offspring [...]

Pediatric Physical Examination

  Approach to the Patient Newborn Period Infancy Early Childhood Late Childhood Adolescence   Vital Signs and Evaluation of Somatic Growth Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood Pressure Somatic Growth Organ Systems Skin Head and Face Eyes Ears Nose Mouth and Pharynx Neck Chest and Lungs Heart Abdomen Genitalia Musculoskeletal System Nervous System Tools for Practice Medical [...]

Pediatric Eye And Vision Examination

OPTOMETRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE In 2000 the U.S. Census Bureau reported that there were 72.3 million children under 18 years of age in the United States (26% of the population) and the numbers in this age group, with its growth rate of 13.7 percent, were increasing faster than in any other segment of the population.3 [...]

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY EXAMINATION : NEWBORN

Behavior This 5-day-old infant is in the alert, quiet state. He has spontaneous movements, which have a smooth flowing quality to them and are not excessive, jerky or asymmetric. He seems to be attentive to the environment. He makes attempts to organize and comfort himself by sucking on his fists, which is a favorable behavioral [...]

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY EXAMINATION : 6 MONTHS OLD

Behavior The baby is sitting comfortably in his mother’s lap. He is socially aware, inquisitive and readily responds to visual objects and sounds. He smiles, laughs, and jabbers. At this age a baby will start to make repetitive speech sounds that are nonspecific such as da, ma, or ba.   Cranial Nerves The baby is [...]

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY EXAMINATION : 3 MONTHS OLD

Behavior This baby is almost 3 months old. He is alert and attentive to the environment and the examiner. He visually tracks. He has a social smile and is able to frown. There is definite social awareness and interaction. Cranial Nerves The vestibulo-ocular reflex evokes a full range of conjugate eye movements. The baby should [...]

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY EXAMINATION : 12 MONTHS OLD

Behavior – Shy Infants at 12 months of age are often shy and have stranger anxiety. Most of the neurological exam can be performed with the child on his parent’s lap. The parent helps reassure the child and facilitates the exam. This infant is shy and frequently looks to his father for reassurance. The examiner [...]

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY EXAMINATION : 18 MONTHS OLD

Behavior/Mental Status – Wants At this age, the child indicates his wants by pointing, gesturing and using vocalizations other than crying. At 18 months, he should have a vocabulary of 10 or more words and will use single words to indicate wants. Social interaction at this age is rich and increasing in complexity as seen [...]